THURSDAY, Feb. 10, 2022 (HealthDay News) — To live healthier and longer in the United States, it helps to have money and education — and if you live in Hawaii or California, your odds are even better, according to a new government report.
Life expectancy varies dramatically from state to state, health officials say, because of factors like chronic disease and drug overdoses; rates of obesity, smoking and health insurance, and access to medical care.
“Some states do better than other states. The states that do better tend to be in the Northeast and on the West Coast, and the states that do poorly tend to be in the South and Southeast,” said lead researcher Elizabeth Arias, of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics.
Arias and her colleagues collected data on life expectancy across the United States in 2019. Their study found that Hawaii had the highest life expectancy, 81 years, and Mississippi the lowest, 74 years.
Find out where your state ranks here
At age 65, life expectancy ranged from 17.5 years in Mississippi to 21 years in Hawaii. In all states, life expectancy was higher for women than men, with the gender gap ranging from 3.5 years in Utah to more than six in Mississippi, the researchers found.
Looking at chronic diseases, Arias said deaths from heart disease, cancer and stroke were higher in the Southern states, which could be related to smoking.
“There’s a higher prevalence of smoking in the Southern states, as well as obesity. So there tends to be a pattern where you see higher mortality from chronic diseases in the Southern states than the middle of the country. Also, drug overdose mortality may be another factor,” Arias said.
Besides Mississippi, states with the lowest life expectancy include Ohio, West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, South Carolina, Alabama, Louisiana, Arkansas and Oklahoma.
“If you were to look at this map by mortality rates by cause, you see the same pattern,” Arias said. “Many of the chronic diseases that are basically the leading causes of death are related to behaviors, which, in turn, are related to socioeconomic status. So it’s education, economics and access to care.”
Experts weighing in on the meaning of the report agree that these disparities in life expectancy are related to lifestyle, economics, education and access to health care.
“Due to our fragmented health system, Americans live shorter and sicker lives than citizens of other wealthy nations,” said Dr. Susan Rogers, president of Physicians for a National Health Program, an organization of doctors who support Medicare for all. “This new report shines a light on the importance of health coverage in saving lives.”
Americans in states with more uninsured and under-insured residents, and specifically states that chose not to expand Medicaid, have shorter life expectancies and worse health outcomes, Rogers noted.
“We must guarantee coverage to everyone in the U.S. through a national health program that provides lifelong, no-cost and comprehensive coverage for all medically necessary health services,” Rogers said.
Another expert stressed that opportunity affects life expectancy.
“States are not important as units of geography, but as units of opportunity,” said Dr. David Katz, president of True Health Initiative, a nonprofit organization that promotes healthy living as the best way to prevent disease. “Life expectancy tracks strongly with the social determinants of health, notably education, vocation, income, environment and the social environment, including politics and policies.”
The root causes of premature death are modifiable and have been known for 30 years or more, Katz said. The hope is that leaders in both the public and private sectors would address those root causes to narrow this gap, he said.
“Some of this opportunity resides outside the realm of health altogether, relating instead to education, occupation and income potential,” Katz said.
However, “within the domain of health, assessing and addressing diet quality, facilitating daily physical activity for all, and resources to combat the scourge of harmful substances — from tobacco to opioids — would make an enormous difference,” Katz added. “We know the way, but do we have the will?”
More information
For more on healthy living, see the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
SOURCES: Elizabeth Arias, PhD, lead, Statistical Analysis and Research Team, Mortality Statistics Branch, National Center for Health Statistics, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Susan Rogers, MD, president, Physicians for a National Health Program; David Katz, MD, MPH, specialist, preventive and lifestyle medicine, and president, True Health Initiative, Tulsa, Okla.; U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics Reports, U.S. State Life Tables, 2019, report, Feb. 10, 2022